Transfer of Property Act 1882: A Complete Guide

Buying, selling, leasing, or gifting property in India begins with one law. The Transfer of Property Act 1882 governs almost every such deal between living persons. However, many buyers and sellers never read it. As a result, they lose money, time, and title. This guide fixes that problem. First, it explains the law in plain words. Next, it walks through sales, mortgages, leases, gifts, and claims. Moreover, it covers Supreme Court rulings up to 2026. Finally, it lists practical steps that protect your rights. Readers who follow these steps avoid the most common disputes. Therefore, keep this page open while you review your next property document.

What Is the Transfer of Property Act 1882?

The Transfer of Property Act 1882 is a central law that regulates how one living person transfers property to another. It became Act No. 4 of 1882 and came into force on 1 July 1882. Although the law is old, courts still apply the Transfer of Property Act 1882 every day.

Quick Facts at a Glance

• Enacted: 17 February 1882, commenced on 1 July 1882.
• Administered by: the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice.
• Coverage: transfers made by act of parties, mainly of immovable property.
• Excluded: inheritance, wills, and transfers by operation of law.

Why the Law Was Needed

Before 1882, property dealings relied on custom and scattered English rules. Consequently, sale, mortgage, lease, and gift had no clear definitions. Buyers faced uncertainty, and courts reached conflicting results. The Act replaced that confusion with one codified scheme. Furthermore, it blended equity principles with Indian practice. Today, the Transfer of Property Act 1882 remains the backbone of Indian property law.

Who Must Follow the Law

Every person who transfers property inter vivos falls under the Transfer of Property Act 1882. That includes individuals, companies, trusts, and the State. Notably, the law does not apply everywhere in identical form. Certain regions follow it through later enactments, and some states carry local amendments. For example, Maharashtra amended the lis pendens rule. Thus, always check your state’s version of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 before you sign.

Transfer of Property Act 1882 Bare Act: Structure and Chapters

A bare act is the plain text of a statute, without commentary. Lawyers and judges rely on the Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act because every word matters in litigation. You can read the official text on the India Code portal, which the Legislative Department maintains.

How the Bare Act Is Organised

The statute is divided into eight chapters. Each chapter handles one theme, so you can find answers quickly.

• Preliminary matters and repeal occupy Sections 1 to 4 (Chapter I).
• Sections 5 to 53A (Chapter II): transfers of property by act of parties.
• Sales sit in Sections 54 to 57 (Chapter III).
• Mortgages and charges fill Sections 58 to 104 (Chapter IV).
• Leases appear in Sections 105 to 117 (Chapter V).
• Exchanges occupy Sections 118 to 121 (Chapter VI).
• Gifts follow in Sections 122 to 129 (Chapter VII).
• Actionable claims close the Act in Sections 130 to 137 (Chapter VIII).

Why You Should Read the Original Text

Summaries help, but they can mislead anyone who skips the Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act. In contrast, the bare act shows exact wording, provisos, and explanations. Besides, state amendments appear only in the local text. Hence, professionals compare the Transfer of Property Act 1882 text the central text with the state version before drafting a deed. Meanwhile, students should read each section with its illustrations, because the illustrations show how drafters intended the rule to work.

Omitted Sections

Sections 85 to 90 and Section 99 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 were omitted when the Code of Civil Procedure took over foreclosure and sale procedure in 1909. As a result, you will see gaps in the numbering. Treat these gaps as signs of legislative evolution, not errors.

Key Definitions Every Reader Must Know

Definitions decide outcomes. Therefore, courts begin with Section 3 and Section 5 whenever a dispute arises.

Immovable Property

Section 3 says immovable property does not include standing timber, growing crops, or grass. However, the Act does not give a full definition. Instead, it borrows from the General Clauses Act, which covers land, benefits arising from land, and things attached to the earth. In 2026, the Supreme Court stressed that walls and buildings count as things attached to the earth. Consequently, holders of share certificates in land were treated as co-owners of the building.

Transfer of Property

Section 5 defines transfer as an act by which a living person conveys property to one or more other living persons, or to himself and others. The word “living person” includes a company or an association of persons. Because of this wording, the Transfer of Property Act 1882 does not cover transfers by will. Likewise, it does not cover succession.

Instrument, Notice, and Attached to the Earth

Section 3 also explains several working terms.

• Instrument: a non-testamentary written document.
• Attached to the earth: rooted, embedded, or fastened to something permanent.
• Notice: actual knowledge, or knowledge that a person would have gained with ordinary care.
• Registered: registered under the law in force for registering documents.

Why Notice Matters

Notice appears in many sections. For instance, a buyer who ignores visible possession by a tenant may be treated as having notice of the tenant’s rights. Therefore, careful inspection protects you as much as paperwork does.

Who Can Transfer Property and What Can Be Transferred

Section 6 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 opens with a broad rule. Property of any kind may be transferred, except where the Act or another law says otherwise. In practice, the exceptions matter more than the rule.

Property That Cannot Be Transferred

Section 6 lists several non-transferable interests.

• The chance of an heir apparent to succeed to an estate.
• Mere possibilities, such as the hope of a legacy.
• Rights of re-entry, apart from the property itself.
• Easements, apart from the dominant heritage.
• Interests restricted to personal enjoyment of the owner.
• Future maintenance rights.
• Bare rights to sue.
• Public officers’ salaries, plus stipends of military or similar personnel.
• Pensions governed by special law.

Competency of the Transferor

Section 7 states two tests. First, the transferor must be competent to contract. Second, the transferor must be entitled to the property. A minor, for example, cannot transfer property by contract. Likewise, a person of unsound mind cannot do so. Moreover, a person who holds only a limited interest cannot pass a bigger interest to the buyer.

Operation of Transfer

Section 8 says a transfer passes all legal incidents of the property unless the parties agree otherwise. Similarly, Section 9 allows oral transfers where no writing is compulsory. Even so, most important transfers demand a registered document. Hence, never rely on oral promises for valuable land.

Conditions, Restrictions, and the Rule Against Perpetuity

Owners often attach conditions when they transfer property. The Transfer of Property Act 1882 checks which conditions the law will honour.

Restraints on Alienation

Section 10 voids a condition that absolutely restrains the transferee from parting with the property. In other words, you cannot sell land and ban resale forever. However, a partial restraint for a limited time or purpose can survive. Courts examine such clauses closely, because freedom of transfer remains the public policy of the Act.

Conditions Repugnant to the Interest

Section 11 deals with a transferee who receives absolute ownership but then faces directions on how to enjoy it. Such directions are void when they conflict with the nature of the grant. Meanwhile, Section 12 voids conditions that end an interest upon the transferee’s insolvency, except in a lease.

Transfers for the Benefit of Unborn Persons

Section 13 permits a transfer for the benefit of an unborn person, but only after a prior life interest in favour of a living person. Additionally, the whole interest of the transferor must pass. This requirement prevents gaps in ownership.

The Rule Against Perpetuity

Section 14 bars any transfer that vests an interest beyond the life of persons alive at the date of transfer, plus the minority of a person yet to be born. The goal is simple. Under this rule, the Transfer of Property Act 1882 refuses to let property stay tied up for generations. Because of this rule, courts strike down remote future interests.

Vested and Contingent Interests

Sections 19 to 21 separate vested interests from contingent ones. A vested interest does not depend on a future event, whereas a contingent one does. Accordingly, drafters must choose their words with care.

Core Doctrines That Shape Property Disputes

Several equitable doctrines give the Transfer of Property Act 1882 its practical power. Litigators invoke them constantly.

Lis Pendens Under Section 52

While a suit about immovable property is pending, nobody may transfer that property so as to harm another party’s rights. This is the doctrine of lis pendens. In 2026, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that a purchaser during litigation stays bound by the final decree, whether or not that purchaser knew about the suit. Separately, the Court also rejected the idea that the doctrine skips simple money suits. Otherwise, a debtor could defeat any decree by selling assets before execution.

Fraudulent Transfers Under Section 53

A transfer made to defeat or delay creditors is voidable at the creditor’s option. Nevertheless, a transferee who paid value in good faith is safe.

Transfer by Ostensible Owner Under Section 41

When the real owner lets another person appear as owner, a buyer who acted in good faith after reasonable inquiry gets protection. Thus, owners must watch who holds their title papers.

Feeding the Grant by Estoppel Under Section 43

If a seller wrongly claims ownership and later acquires the property, the buyer can enforce the transfer against that after-acquired title. Importantly, the buyer must not have known the truth.

Election Under Section 35

A person who takes a benefit under an instrument must also accept its burdens. In short, nobody can approbate and reprobate.

Part Performance Under Section 53A

A buyer in possession under an unregistered but registrable agreement once enjoyed protection against the seller. Since the 2001 amendment, however, the agreement must be registered for the shield to apply. Furthermore, the Supreme Court has said the buyer must prove an executed agreement, possession, and readiness. Therefore, treat this section as narrow.

Sale of Immovable Property Under Sections 54 to 57

Sales dominate practice under the Transfer of Property Act 1882. Consequently, Section 54 draws more litigation than any other provision.

Definition of Sale

Section 54 defines sale as a transfer of ownership in exchange for a price paid, promised, or part paid and part promised. Price is therefore the essence of the transaction. Without it, the deal may become a gift or an exchange.

Mode of Completing a Sale

A sale of tangible immovable property worth one hundred rupees or more needs a registered instrument. For reversions and intangible things, the same rule applies regardless of value. In contrast, a sale of tangible property worth less than one hundred rupees can pass by delivery of possession. As land values today far exceed that limit, registration is almost always compulsory.

Contract for Sale

A contract for sale does not itself create any interest in the property. This rule matters greatly. Accordingly, an agreement to sell gives the buyer only a right to sue for specific performance. In September 2025, the Supreme Court reiterated this Transfer of Property Act 1882 principle in Ramesh Chand v. Suresh Chand. The Court also held that a general power of attorney creates an agency, not ownership. Likewise, it held that even a registered will needs strict proof. These holdings follow the earlier ruling in Suraj Lamp and Industries v. State of Haryana.

Rights and Duties of Seller and Buyer in a Sale

Seller’s Duties

Section 55 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act requires the seller to disclose material defects, produce title documents, answer questions on title, and execute the conveyance. Moreover, the seller must take care of the property until delivery.

Buyer’s Duties and Remedies

The buyer must disclose facts that increase the property’s value, pay the price, and bear loss after ownership passes. In return, the buyer gets a statutory charge on the property for any advance paid when the seller fails to complete.

Mortgage of Immovable Property Under Sections 58 to 104

A mortgage transfers an interest in specific immovable property to secure a loan. The Transfer of Property Act 1882 recognises six types in Section 58.

Six Types of Mortgage

• Simple mortgage: the borrower stays in possession and promises personal liability.
• Mortgage by conditional sale: an apparent sale with a condition of reconveyance.
• Usufructuary mortgage: the lender takes possession and enjoys rents or profits.
• English mortgage: the borrower transfers the property absolutely, subject to reconveyance on repayment.
• Mortgage by deposit of title deeds: the borrower hands over documents with intent to create security.
• Anomalous mortgage: a mix that fits none of the other types.

Formalities for a Mortgage

Section 59 requires a registered instrument, signed by the mortgagor and attested by two witnesses, where the principal money secured is one hundred rupees or more. However, a mortgage by deposit of title deeds is an exception. In certain notified towns, that mortgage needs no deed at all.

Right of Redemption

Section 60 gives the mortgagor the right to redeem on payment of dues. This right cannot be taken away by agreement. Courts therefore strike down any clog on redemption.

Conditional Sale or Outright Sale

In 2026, the Supreme Court addressed this question in Hemalatha v. Tukaram. The Court held that a transaction is not a mortgage by conditional sale unless the reconveyance condition appears in the very document that effects the sale. Therefore, draft carefully. A side letter will not rescue you.

Foreclosure and Sale

Procedural rules for enforcing mortgages now sit in the Code of Civil Procedure. Even so, the Act still defines each party’s substantive rights and liabilities.

Lease of Immovable Property Under Sections 105 to 117

Under the Transfer of Property Act 1882, a lease transfers the right to enjoy property for a fixed time or in perpetuity. The lessee gives rent or premium in return.

Definition and Essentials

Section 105 defines the lease, the lessor, the lessee, the premium, and the rent. Exclusive possession is the strongest sign of a lease. A licence, by contrast, only permits the licensee to do something on the land.

Lease Versus Licence in 2026

In General Secretary, Vivekananda Kendra v. Pradeep Kumar Agarwalla, the Supreme Court set aside a ruling that recast a registered 99-year lease as a licence. The Court said clear nomenclature and text should prevail over after-the-fact inferences. Moreover, it held that unilateral cancellation without meeting Section 111 conditions is illegal.

How a Lease Is Made

Section 107 requires a registered instrument for a lease from year to year, for a term above one year, or with a yearly rent. Other leases may pass by registered instrument or by delivery of possession with oral agreement.

Rights and Duties of Lessor and Lessee

The Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act sets default rules in Section 108. Lessors must disclose latent defects and give quiet possession. Lessees, for their part, must pay rent, keep the property in repair, and avoid waste.

Termination of Lease

Section 106 governs notice for ending a tenancy. A 2003 amendment shortened notice for monthly tenancies to fifteen days. Section 111 lists other modes of ending a lease, including expiry, forfeiture, surrender, and merger. Importantly, the notice must be valid and in writing.

Exchange and Gift Under Sections 118 to 129

Exchange and gift look alike, yet the Transfer of Property Act 1882 treats them differently.

Gift

Section 122 defines a gift as a voluntary transfer of existing property without consideration, accepted by or for the donee during the donor’s life. Both acceptance and absence of consideration are essential.

Exchange

Section 118 defines exchange as a mutual transfer of ownership of one thing for another, neither being money only. Consequently, if one party pays only money, the deal is a sale.

Formalities of a Valid Gift

Section 123 demands a registered instrument signed by the donor and attested by at least two witnesses for immovable property. Movable property can pass by delivery or by a registered instrument. In a March 2025 judgment, reported as 2025 INSC 388, the Supreme Court held that a donor may gift ownership while reserving possession and enjoyment for life. It also noted that the Act prescribes no special mode of acceptance.

Revocation and Onerous Gifts

Section 126 allows suspension or revocation only on terms agreed in advance. Onerous gifts fall under Section 127. A donee who accepts a benefit must take the burden too. Still, the Supreme Court has warned that a gift conditioned on unpaid perpetual service amounts to forced labour and is unconstitutional.

Actionable Claim Under Transfer of Property Act 1882

An actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882 is one of the most misunderstood concepts in property law. Many people assume the Transfer of Property Act 1882 covers only land. Yet Chapter VIII deals with claims instead.

Meaning of Actionable Claim

Section 3 defines an actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882 as a claim to an unsecured debt, or to a beneficial interest in movable property not in the claimant’s possession. A civil court must recognise the claim as grounds for relief. Debts secured by mortgage of immovable property or by pledge of movable property fall outside the definition.

Examples of Actionable Claim

• Book debts and unpaid invoices qualify as an actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882.
• Arrears of rent owed to a landlord.
• A beneficial interest in movable property held by a trustee.
• Insurance claims not yet realised.

How an Actionable Claim Is Transferred and Why It Matters

How the Transfer Works

An actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882 moves through a simple process. Section 130 allows transfer by a written instrument signed by the transferor. Registration is not needed. The transfer takes effect when the instrument is executed, so the transferee may sue in his own name. Nevertheless, a debtor who pays the original creditor before receiving notice gets a valid discharge.

Liability and Limits

Under Section 132, a transferee of an actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882 takes the claim subject to every liability and equity that bound the transferor. Section 133 adds that the transferor warrants only the existence of the debt at transfer, not the debtor’s solvency, unless the parties agree otherwise. Judges, court officers, and legal practitioners are barred by Section 136 from buying actionable claims in their own jurisdiction.XX, court officers, and legal practitioners from buying actionable claims in their own jurisdiction.

Why It Matters Commercially

Lenders, factoring firms, and startups routinely assign receivables as an actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882. Therefore, understanding each actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act 1882 helps in financing, debt recovery, and business transfers.

How Registration and Stamp Duty Interact With the Act

The Transfer of Property Act 1882 sets the substantive rule. Meanwhile, the Registration Act 1908 and state stamp laws govern the formalities.

Registration Requirements

Many transfers must be made by a registered instrument. Registration gives public notice, fixes the date of the transaction, and helps prove execution. In addition, the Registration Act bars unregistered documents from proving the transaction itself, although courts may admit them for collateral purposes.

Stamp Duty

Each state sets its own stamp duty rates. Insufficient duty leads to penalties and may block admission of the document in court. Hence, verify duty before execution.

Practical Tip for Drafters

Always read the Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act alongside state rules. Also align three things: the transfer clause, the registration, and the stamp paper. Otherwise, a technical gap may delay your title for years.

Latest Supreme Court Judgments on the Law

Recent rulings show how courts read the Transfer of Property Act 1882 today.

Ramesh Chand v. Suresh Chand (September 2025)

The Court reaffirmed that, under the Transfer of Property Act 1882, an agreement to sell, a general power of attorney, or a will does not alone pass title in immovable property. This ruling protects buyers who follow proper conveyancing.

Alka Shrirang Chavan v. Hemchandra Rajaram Bhonsale (2026)

The Court held that a transferee pendente lite is bound by the decree and cannot obstruct execution. It also said that the Specific Relief Act protection for later buyers gives way to Section 52 once a suit is filed.

R. Savithri Naidu v. Cotton Corporation of India (2026)

The Court refused to exclude money suits from lis pendens. This decision strengthens decree holders.

Hemalatha v. Tukaram (2026)

The Court clarified that a reconveyance clause must appear in the sale deed for a mortgage by conditional sale.

Giriyappa v. Kamalamma

A Division Bench led by Justice J.B. Pardiwala explained the conditions for part performance. The ruling confirmed that a defendant who fails to prove an agreement or possession cannot claim protection.

Common Legal Issues and Practical Safeguards

Most disputes arise from avoidable mistakes. The following checks reduce risk.

Frequent Problems

• Buying on a power of attorney instead of a registered sale deed.
• Relying on an unregistered agreement to sell.
• Ignoring a pending suit on the property.
• Accepting a title from an ostensible owner without checks.
• Drafting a mortgage condition outside the sale deed.
• Treating a licence as a lease, or the reverse.

A Ten-Step Due Diligence Checklist

1. Obtain the full chain of title for at least thirty years.
2. Check the encumbrance certificate for mortgages and charges.
3. Search court records for pending suits.
4. Verify the seller’s identity and competence.
5. Inspect the property for tenants or occupants.
6. Confirm mutation and tax records.
7. Review approvals and zoning.
8. Draft the deed with clear transfer words.
9. Pay the correct stamp duty.
10. Register the deed promptly.

When to Hire a Lawyer

Consult an advocate whenever title is unclear, because the Transfer of Property Act 1882 punishes careless drafting. Early advice on the Transfer of Property Act 1882 costs less than a long trial. Additionally, a lawyer can spot state-specific amendments that online guides miss.

Amendments and the Road Ahead

The Transfer of Property Act 1882 has changed several times, yet its core design has survived.

Key Amendments

Parliament’s Registration and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act 2001 changed Sections 53A, 54, 59, 107, and 123. Following that change, Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 requires a registered agreement. A later amendment replaced Section 106 and shortened notice periods. Meanwhile, states such as Maharashtra added their own lis pendens rules.

Emerging Issues

Digital records, fractional ownership, and tokenised assets test old definitions. Courts will likely apply the Transfer of Property Act 1882 through the same core principles. Yet lawmakers may need to update formalities, such as e-registration and electronic signatures.

Why Compliance Pays Off

Compliance also lowers financing friction. Banks lend more readily against clean, registered title. Meanwhile, buyers resell faster when records are tidy. Insurers and auditors likewise prefer documented transfers. In short, strict compliance protects value long after closing day.

Reform Wishlist

Experts often ask for clearer rules on benami links, conclusive title records, and faster execution of decrees. Whether Parliament acts soon remains uncertain.

Conclusion: Use the Law to Protect Your Property

The Transfer of Property Act 1882 remains the foundation of every property deal in India. It defines what you may transfer, how you must transfer it, and when courts will protect you. Moreover, recent judgments show that courts apply it strictly. A deal that lacks a registered deed, clear conditions, or proper notice often fails. So, take time to read the Transfer of Property Act 1882 bare act, verify title, and document every step. Additionally, seek legal advice for high-value or contested transactions. This article offers general information and does not replace advice from a qualified advocate. Consequently, confirm the latest amendments in your state before you act.

References

1. India Code, The Transfer of Property Act 1882 (Act No. 4 of 1882): https://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2338
2. Courtbook, Bare Act with all sections: https://courtbook.in/bare-acts/transfer-of-property-act-1882
3. LatestLaws, Section 1 and bare act text: https://www.latestlaws.com/mobile/app/bare-acts/141927
4. AdvocateKhoj, Extent of the Act: https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/transferofproperty/1.php
5. LiveLaw, Supreme Court Half-Yearly Digest 2026: https://www.livelaw.in/supreme-court/supreme-court-judgments-and-orders-half-yearly-digest-specific-relief-act-transfer-of-property-act-548139
6. LiveLaw, Alka Shrirang Chavan v. Hemchandra Rajaram Bhonsale, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 44: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2026-livelaw-sc-44-alka-shrirang-chavan-anr-versus-hemchandra-rajaram-bhonsale-ors-518751
7. LiveLaw, R. Savithri Naidu v. Cotton Corporation of India, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 151: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2026-livelaw-sc-151-r-savithri-naidu-versus-ms-the-cotton-corporation-of-india-limited-and-another-523073
8. LiveLaw, Hemalatha v. Tukaram, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 79: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2026-livelaw-sc-79-hemalatha-d-by-lrs-versus-tukaram-d-by-lrs-ors-520125
9. LiveLaw, General Secretary, Vivekananda Kendra v. Pradeep Kumar Agarwalla, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 204: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2026-livelaw-sc-204-the-general-secretary-vivekananda-kendra-versus-pradeep-kumar-agarwalla-and-others-524796
10. LiveLaw, Marietta D’Silva v. Rudolf Clothan Lacerda, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 503: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judgments/2026-livelaw-sc-503-marietta-d-silva-versus-rudolf-clothan-lacerda-ors-534456
11. Supreme Court of India, 2025 INSC 388 (gift judgment, 24 March 2025): https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2022/39383/39383_2022_13_1503_60392_Judgement_24-Mar-2025.pdf
12. SCC Online Blog, Agreement to Sell, Power of Attorney and Will: https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2025/10/07/agreement-to-sell-power-of-attorney-and-will-supreme-court-reiterates-limits-on-transfer-of-title/
13. IndiaLaw, Limits on Title Transfer (Ramesh Chand v. Suresh Chand): https://www.indialaw.in/blog/real-estate/supreme-court-clarifies-limits-on-property-title-transfer/
14. IndiaLaw, Supreme Court on Section 53A: https://www.indialaw.in/blog/civil/supreme-court-lays-down-principles-to-invoke-section-53a-of-transfer-of-property-act-1882/
15. Corrida Legal, Executive Summary and Bare Act: https://corridalegal.com/the-transfer-of-property-act-1882-executive-summary-and-bare-act/
16. NoBroker, Transfer of Property Act Bare Act guide: https://www.nobroker.in/blog/transfer-of-property-act-bare-act
17. EzyLegal, Important Provisions of the Bare Act: https://www.ezylegal.in/blogs/important-provisions-of-the-transfer-of-property-bare-act
18. Testbook, Transfer of Property Act 1882 overview: https://testbook.com/bare-acts/transfer-of-property-act-1882
19. Kotak Mahindra Bank, Key Rules and Property Rights: https://www.kotak.com/en/stories-in-focus/loans/home-loan/transfer-of-property-act-india.html
20. LiveLaw, Transfer of Property Act news archive: https://www.livelaw.in/tags/transfer-of-property-act